The reference library

A common language for the work.

Use the original sources to check a capability description, understand a framework, or clarify a term. These references support reading and evaluation; they do not imply a partnership or endorsement.

Reviewed 18 October 2026Black Atlas / Supporting publication

Go to the primary references

Plain-language glossary

12 terms

Attack path

A proposed or evidenced chain of conditions linking an initial opportunity to an important asset. Each connection needs its own support.

Assurance

A reasoned basis for confidence in a defined claim. Its strength depends on evidence, scope, and review.

Control

A measure intended to change risk, such as an access rule, approval requirement, or monitoring process.

Contradiction

A material disagreement between claims or sources that requires explanation, qualification, or another check.

Crown jewel

An asset or capability whose loss would cause significant harm to the organization’s mission or operations.

Effective permission

What an identity can actually do after relevant roles, policies, conditions, and restrictions are considered.

Evidence provenance

The history of information, including where it came from and how it reached the current analysis.

Inference

A conclusion drawn from evidence and assumptions. It should remain distinguishable from a direct observation.

Human review

An accountable person’s examination of evidence, scope, options, and authority before a consequential next step.

Residual risk

The risk that remains after the controls or other responses considered in the assessment.

Simulation

An exploration of a model under stated assumptions. Its output is not automatically an observed real-world result.

Threat intelligence

Evidence and analysis interpreted for a security decision, with relevance, uncertainty, and source context made explicit.

Prepare a better inquiry

Use the inquiry checklist to name your decision, scope, evidence, and unresolved questions. It is a blank planning aid, not an assessment or application.

Plain text · Version 1.0 · 18 October 2026. Essential instructions are also available on the contact page.

A more useful security conversation starts here.

Name the decision. Bring the context. Make the limits visible.

Prepare your inquiry